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nata0808 [166]
3 years ago
5

Porque la respiración pulmonar es la mas evolucionada?

Biology
1 answer:
Katena32 [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

La vida se originó en la anoxia, pero muchos organismos llegaron a depender del oxígeno para sobrevivir, evolucionando independientemente diversos sistemas respiratorios para obtener oxígeno del medio ambiente. La tensión de oxígeno ambiental (PO2) fluctuó a través de las edades en correlación con la biodiversidad y el tamaño del cuerpo, lo que permitió a los organismos migrar del agua a la tierra y el aire y, a veces, en la dirección opuesta. La expansión del hábitat obliga al uso de diferentes intercambiadores de gases, por ejemplo, piel, branquias, tráqueas, pulmones y sus etapas intermedias, que pueden coexistir dentro de la misma especie; la coexistencia puede ser temporalmente disyuntiva (p. ej., branquias larvales versus pulmones adultos) o simultánea (p. ej., piel, branquias y pulmones en algunas salamandras). Los sistemas dispersos exhiben direcciones de adaptación similares: hacia interfaces de difusión más grandes, barreras más delgadas, regulación dinámica más fina y menor costo de respiración. El eficiente intercambio de gases respiratorios, junto con las resistencias convectivas y difusoras aguas abajo, comprenden la "cascada de oxígeno", un paso hacia abajo de PO2 que equilibra el suministro contra la toxicidad. Aquí, revisamos el origen de la homeostasis del oxígeno, un factor de selección primario para todos los sistemas respiratorios, que a su vez funcionan como guardianes de la cascada. Dentro de la vida útil de un organismo, el aparato respiratorio se adapta de varias maneras para regular el consumo de oxígeno en la hipoxia y restringir el consumo en la hiperoxia. En un contexto evolutivo, ciertas especies también se adaptan a las condiciones ambientales o demandas orgánicas habituales. Por lo tanto, examinamos la anatomía y fisiología comparativas de los sistemas respiratorios, desde invertebrados a vertebrados, respiradores de agua a aire y habitantes terrestres a aéreos. A través de las direcciones evolutivas y la variedad de intercambiadores de gas, se pueden apreciar sus características compartidas y compromisos individuales.

Explanation:

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