Options missing:
a) The pH of the environment should be relatively high.
b) The pH of the environment should be relatively low.
c) The pH of the environment would not matter.
d) The environment should be set to the biochemical standard state.
Answer:
a) The pH of the environment should be relatively high.
Explanation:
For optimal function an enzyme needs a certain environment or condition. As temperature increases, the rate of enzyme activity also increases. As temperature increases toward its optimum point of 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 F), hydrogen bonds relax and make it easier for the hydrogen peroxide molecules to bind to the catalase.
The part of the enzyme where this reaction takes place is called the active site. A temperature that is higher or lower than this optimum point changes the shape of the active site and stops the enzyme from working. This process is called denaturation.
Enzyme pH levels also change the shape of the active site and affect the rate of enzyme activity. Each enzyme has its own optimal range of pH in which it works most effectively. In humans, catalase works only between pH 7 and pH 11. If the pH level is lower than 7 or higher than 11, the enzyme becomes denaturated and loses its structure. The liver sustains a neutral pH of about 7, which creates the best environment for catalase and other enzymes.
General acid catalysis would require histidine to be protonated at pH values (pH 8.0) optimal for enzymatic activity which is relatively high.
Answer:
You need to compare the location of bands for X and X's child. X is the mother, so the child will have half of all its bands from its mother, and the other half must be from the father. Some bands that X and X's child have in common are at around 185bp and 130bp (it is difficult for me to determine the exact position). Then look at the bands which X and X's child do not have in common. Those bands must have come from the father. So now you compare the remaining bands to all the bands of Megabucks and see if they match up. You can see a band at around 60bp that the child has. The mother did not have this band, so it must have come from the father. Megabucks does not have this band, so he is not X's father.
Explanation:
I hope this has helped you a little. The main thing to know is that a child's bands come from their mother and father, so if half the bands match up to the mum, the other half have to match up to some of the father's bands. But a child will never have the same set of bands as one of their parents - it will be a mix of both parents' bands.
