Carbon skeletons may vary in length, shape, number and location of double bonds and other elements covalently bonded to available sites.
A carbon atom contains four valence electrons thus, exhibiting a strong tendency to make covalent bonds with other atoms so as to complete its octet. Covalent bonds join carbon atoms together in long chains that create the skeletal framework for organic molecules.
A carbon atom could be linked to as many as four additional carbon atoms in an organic compound. Carbon atoms can also quickly form double bonds (where four electrons are shared among two atoms) and triple bonds (where six electrons are shared).
This variation in carbon skeletons contributes to the diversity and complexity of organic molecules.
To learn more about covalent bonds here
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Answer:
a trait that gives an organism a reproductive advantage in the current environment
Explanation:
An adaptation is a trait that provides an advantage to the individual in which it is present by making the individual more adaptable to its environment and as the result, the individual survive to reproductive age and able to produce more offspring than less adapted individual of its population.
So the trait gives an individual or organism a reproductive advantage in the current environmental situation. The trait or allele that helps in adaptation comes due to mutation or variation from meiosis or gamete fusion.
Answer:
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Explanation:
Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
Genes are the proof of evolution and show that we are related to another species that existed long ago. So that means we all share some of the same genes.
Answer:
ExplanEcology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment, including both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) aspects of the environment. It is a very broad definition and the science of ecology tends to overlap other biological sciences.ation:
