They were independent people who didn't government inferring with their daily lives
I think that a good word for this would be "enthnocentrism": the belief that one's culture, or one's enthnicity is superior to others, or more important than others (even to oneself: so my culture is more important for me than other cultures: this also would count).
Parent is the correct answer.
Lev Vygotsky was a Soviet psychologist whose main work was focused on developmental psychology and had the book "Pedagogical Psychology" published. <u>According to Vygotsky, a child's first guided participation is provided by a mentor who is most likely a parent.</u>