Answer:
(a) Ionic
(b) Nonpolar covalent
(c) Polar covalent
(d) Polar covalent
(e) Nonpolar covalent
(f) Polar covalent
<em>For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the least polar bond?</em> NO₂
<em>For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the most polar bond?</em> BF₃
Explanation:
<em>Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent?</em>
The nature of a bond depends on the modulus of the difference of electronegativity (|ΔEN|) between the atoms that form it.
- If |ΔEN| = 0, the bond is nonpolar covalent.
- If 0 < |ΔEN| ≤ 2, the bond is polar covalent.
- If |ΔEN| > 2, the bond is ionic.
<em>(a) KCl</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(K) - EN(Cl)| = |0.8 - 3.0| = 2.2. The bond is ionic.
<em>(b) P₄</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(P) - EN(P)| = |2.1 - 2.1| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
<em>(c) BF₃</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(B) - EN(F)| = |2.0 - 4.0| = 2.0. The bond is polar covalent.
<em>(d) SO₂</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(S) - EN(O)| = |2.5 - 3.5| = 1.0. The bond is polar covalent.
<em>(e) Br₂</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(Br) - EN(Br)| = |2.8 - 2.8| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
<em>(f) NO₂</em> |ΔEN| = |EN(N) - EN(O)| = |3.0 - 3.5| = 0.5. The bond is polar covalent.
Answer:
8 electrons
Explanation:
Phosphorous is the element of group 15 and third period. The atomic number of chlorine is 15 and the symbol of the element is P.
The electronic configuration of the element phosphorus is:-
Thus, from the electronic configuration shown above,
In n = 2, the total number of electrons are 8 which are present in 
Answer: Conclusion
Explanation:
After they test the hypothesis they come to a conclusion of the answer.
and sometime test it again and again
Answer:
a quantitative observation implies that the subject can be measured by quantity, aka amount or in numbers.
Ex 1: adding one gram of salt to one gram of sugar makes two grams of seasoning. in this example, there are individual quantities (1 gram of each) and total quantity (2 grams). this only changes if the substances have a chemical reaction, such as one of them destroying the other, then the weight would change.
Ex 2: a more simple example is the weight of something. putting the substance on a scale (one specifically for whatever you are measuring, whether it be liquid or solid) is the best way to determine its quantity.
They are produced by vacuum tubes devices that operate on the ballistic motion of electron controlled by electric fields
