Answer:
A) A set of boundaries or constraints that tend to complicate the rational decision-making process.
Answer: Language without communication
Explanation:
Language without communication is defined as communication in which message is shared or exchanges between people without using verbal means.Non-verbal methods are used for communication such as body language, facial expression, actions etc.
According to the question, Mrs Watts and Jason are involved in communication without any language.Mrs. watts told Jason to sit through action .Jason did not properly understood the message through this medium so, he nodded but didn't sit.
Answer:
Negative reinforcement
Explanation:
In psychology and classical and operant conditioning, the term reinforcement refers to a stimulus that increases the chances that a certain behavior is repeated in the future. In other words, it refers to something that makes the behavior be more frequent.
However, there are 2 different types of reinforcement:
- Positive reinforcement: It consists in <u>presenting</u> a desired stimulus that will increase the chances that the behavior is repeated.
- Negative reinforcement: It consists in <u>retiring</u> an undesired stimulus that will increase the chances that the behavior is repeated (for example, the beeping in the car when we don't use the seatbelt is a negative reinforcement since it is retired the moment we use the seatbelt and it is more likely that next time we'll fasten the seatbelt before to not hear the sound).
Therefore, when <u>something an individual does not like is removed (an undesired stimulus)</u> and they are more likely to <u>do the behavior again (increasing the probability of the behavior to be repeated),</u> this is known as negative reinforcement.
