Answer: c. it ensures productive efficiency.
Explanation:
The average cost pricing is used by the government in order to control the price that may be charged by the monopolist.
With the average cost pricing, monopolists are forced to reduce the price that twhy charge for a product to a point whereby the average total cost of the firm and the market demand curve will intersect.
This is vital as it brings about productive efficiency, increase production and also the reduction in the price of a good.
Therefore, the correct option is C "it ensures productive efficiency".
A coase solution to a problem of externality ensures that a socially efficient outcome is to maximize the joint welfare, irrespective of the right of ownership.
Explanation:
In law and in economics the Coase theorem explains the economic efficiencies in the existence of externalities. The economic efficiency of economic allocation or outcome. In practice, barriers to negotiation or poorly defined rights of property can prevent coasean negotiations.
The private external solutions include, for the benefit of the relevant parties, moral codes, charities and business fusions and contracts. In the theorem, two parties can bargain and obtain an optimal outcome in the presence of an externality when transaction cost is low.
Answer:
The externality that affected me was the U.S. recession of 2018.
Explanation:
The externality is the term that refers to a variation in a outside factor that end up affecting persons involve in a business that is not related directly to the outside factor that changed.
1. The 2008 recession made harder for me to get a job in the restaurant sector even though the prices of the restaurants and hotels continued to be the same, many person have to cut their expenditure in tourism as the recession significantly impacted the financial institutions and many persons were laid off from their jobs which decreased consumption.
2. The effects of the recession were: increase in the unemployment, decrease in the consumption, increase in foreclosures.
3. I experienced decrease in my quality of life as it was harder for me to keep a job for a long time. Most of jobs were part time therefore it was a time where I have to live on my savings.
4. Pollution is best reduced if companies take conscience of the fact that they have a greater impact on the environment than individuals. This will lead to better business practices in the manage of residuals and raw materials.
5. A positive externality can create a bubble in the prices and overestimate the actual value of an asset e.g. cryptocurrencies bubble was a positive effect for some investor that really knew the value of this securities but in the long run it created a bubble and people that did not know about cryptocurrencies invested and lost most of their money.
Answer:
Red Cross took the right decision by reversing the original decision of diverting the donations. If it had diverted the donations donor will loose trust in the organisation and will not come forward to help. When it maintains a policy of honoring donor intent people will trust it to stand by it and they donated for the victims of the terrorist attack and the donations must be spent on it only. Then the trust of the donors will not fall and if the organisation wants donations for other ancillary operation sit can genuinely ask for donations and there are many people who would be willing to help. This gives both trust and respect and also the cause is served. Hence the decision to reverse the original one is correct and a good move.
Answer:
a. Marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost.
Explanation:
<u>Note</u>: <u>The words "profit is not maximized" have been interpreted as, "the firm at current level of output earns profits, but not maximum profits it can earn." The answer provided herein is based upon this assumption.</u><u> </u>
Marginal revenue (MR) refers to the addition to total revenue when an additional unit of output is sold.
Similarly, marginal cost (MC) refers to the addition to total cost of production, when an additional unit is produced.
For an optimal level of production, and as a condition for profit maximization under perfect competition,
MR = MC and the marginal cost should increase post the level of output at which MR = MC.
If a competitive firm operates at a level wherein profits are not maximized, but the firm does earn profits, it indicates the stage of production wherein the marginal revenue exceeds the marginal cost.
Thus, as firm produces more and more units of output, it would reach a stage wherein marginal revenue would equal marginal costs and profits shall be maximized.
