Solution :
Variables are of two types --- Numerical variable and Categorical variable.
The numerical variable includes measurement and numbers that can be counted. It is also known as quantitative variable. It is of two types --- Discrete and continuous variables.
The categorical variable includes the description of the groups or the things like the type of clothes, color of eyes, etc. that cannot be counted. It is also called qualitative variable. It is of two types -- Nominal variable and Ordinal Variable.
In the context,
a). The percentage or fraction of birds that are infected by a flu is numerical continuous variable.
b). The number of the crimes committed by an individual can be a whole number only and is countable. So it is a Numerical discrete variable.
c). Gender of a person is categorized as male or female. Therefore it is a categorical nominal variable.
d). The logarithm of the body mass is not countable and the body mass can be in decimal form also. So it is a Numerical continuous variable.
e). The different stages of a fruit ripeness can be categorized as fully ripe or unripe i.e. it ranges from unripe fruits to overripe fruits. So it is Categorical ordinal variables.
f). Tree species can be named for the different types of species of the trees. So it is Categorical nominal variable.
g). The petal area of a rose flower cannot be count as the numbers of he petals are not fixed, so it is a Numerical continuous variable.
