Answer:
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin's opportunity deliquency theory.
Explanation:
Deliquency and Opportunity theory states that "American culture generally advances a notion that if we work hard and are smart and capable, we will find suitable employment, but Cloward and Ohlin noted that this isn't always the case. There aren't always enough jobs for everyone, our school systems don't prepare students equally, and we don't all live in neighborhoods that provide us with opportunities.
The opportunities we have available to us determine in many ways if we will turn to delinquency or conform to more legitimate paths. According to Cloward and Ohlin, young people turn to delinquency when they have been boxed out of more legitimate opportunities. An example is when working class young people cannot find a good paying job or achieve middle class status, and they turn to delinquency in an effort to create a better life."
Reference: Cummins, Emily. “Cloward and Ohlin's Delinquency and Opportunity Theory Video.” Study.com, Study.com, 2019
Answer:
<h3>c. mandate.</h3>
Explanation:
A mandate is a command or an order that necessitates an individual or an organization to act in a specific manner. A court may impose mandate to make certain obligations or activities necessary as part of a legal process on certain cases.
Here, judges ordering Massachusetts to change its way of recruiting firefighters, even though the state does not receive aid from the federal government for fire fighting is referred to as mandate. The court necessitates and makes the state follow certain obligations through the provision of mandate.
