The percent ionization of formic acid is 0.34%.
Calculating the percent ionization of formic acid:
The equation for a chemical equilibrium:
The crucial step is only formic acid's ionization.
HCOOH(aq) ⇄ HCOO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq)
Next, we have to calculate the mass balance:
HCOOH(aq) HCOO⁻(aq) H⁺(aq)
Initial point 0.01 0.05
Reaction -x +x +x
Final 0.01 - x 0.05+x x
Acid constant equation:
Kₐ = [HCOO⁻] [N+] / [HCOOH⁻]
⇒Kₐ = (0.05+x)x / ((0.01 - x)
Now we have to solve the equation:
It is precisely solvable by us (we may utilize the quadratic formula since it will result in a quadratic equation.). Consider using the fact that x is significantly smaller than 0.01 and 0.05.
The approximate solution to the equation is:
0.05x / 0.01 = 0.00017
x = 0.00017 * 0.01 / 0.05
x = 3.4 * 10⁻⁵ M
Using the value, the percent of ionization (α) is:
percent of ionization = (moles ionized / initial moles) *100
percent of ionization = (concentration of ions / initial concentration) *100
percent of ionization = (3.4 * 10⁻⁵ /0.01) *100
percent of ionization = 0.34
Learn more about the percent of ionization here:
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