Where are the answer choices
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-B.
Explanation:
Deoxyribose nucleic acid or DNA is the genetic material of the organism which is made up of nucleotide monomer. The structure of DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides coiled in a helical structure thus providing a double-helical shape to the structure.
Each nucleotide of a strand is composed of a five-carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases. These molecules are arranged in anti-parallel fashion in DNA which provides the polarity to the DNA strand. One strand is read from the 5' to 3' direction whereas another form 3'to 5' direction.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.
Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov
Structure of DNA polymerase
The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.
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Linnaeus divided nature into three kingdoms: animals, vegetable (or plant), <span>and minerals. The animal and plant kingdoms were further divided into </span><span>smaller, more inclusive categories based on physical characteristics. </span><span> As time passed, and knowledge increased, other scientists added to </span><span>Linnaeus’ original system.
</span>https://www.coursehero.com/file/12972938/Module-6-Classification-and-Diversity-Review/
Answer:
B. Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
Explanation:
Both the humans and Chimpanzees are the primates that are they belong to the same group called hominids and genus called Homo.
When the DNA sequences of the Chimpanzees and the Humans are sequenced and compared than they showed that 98% of the genome is similar.
In the given question, the single strands of the humans and the chimpanzees base-paired which showed that 98% of the nucleotide sequence is the same. The most possible reason for this similarity is that they both were evolved from the common ancestors and they diverged recently in the past.
Thus, Option-B is correct.
