Answer:
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MNBQA).
Explanation:
This award was established by the United States Congress in 1987. The goal of the award is to raise the awareness of management of quality and recognition of U.S. companies which managed to implement successful quality management systems. It is given annualy.
This award is given in six categories:
It is named after the Secretary of Commerce, Malcolm Bridge.
When the vice-president is absent, the person who is the head of the senate is called
president pro tempore
Right now, it's Orrin Hatch, and generally the most senior senator (by length of service) is chosen for this position
The Articles of Confederation can be referred to as the first ‘constitution’ of the United States and set out how the Federal government was to run, including implementation of United States of America, as a certified name for the new nation. The Articles were in exercise start starting 1777 following the Second Continental Congress appointment a committee to outline the Articles in June 1776 and prepared the draft to the states for endorsement in November 1777. The Articles was produced by the legislative body of the states which participated in the Second Continental Congress from a perceived call to have “an understanding with confederacy for securing the independence, sovereignty, and freedom of the United States” (Bailyn) The document enclosed 13 articles. It establishes that the confederation was to be referred to as: “The United States of America.” It also asserts the parity of the broken up states with the confederation administration such that “every state retains its freedom, self-government, sovereignty, and its power, authority, and right, which should not be explicitly delegated by the Confederation. “In addition the article do not identify the United States of America a “state” or “government,” yet instead say, that the said States hereby severally go into into a solid group of friendship with each one for their joint and common interests, common protection, and the safety of their liberties, strengthening the relationship among themselves to help out each other, in opposition to all might offered to, their mutual and general welfare or any of them, on relation to religious conviction, dominion, business, or any other simulation whatsoever. “It establishes liberty of movement as anybody may possibly pass unreservedly in any of the states, not including “vagabonds, paupers, and fugitives from fair dealing.” In the article all people are entitled to the rights recognized by the state into which he moves. In case a wrong is committed in a single state and the person responsible for the action flee to another state, he will be taken to and tried in the same Nation in which he/she committed the crime. The article allocates a single chance to each state to cast their votes in the assembly of the union (the “United States in congress Assembled”) this was allowed to a designation of involving two to seven members. Assembly members were selected by state legislature. Also, persons could not serve other than three out of whichever six years. it also; states that the Articles are everlasting, and can only be changed by consent of Congress with approval by all the state legislatures, it reassures that the Confederation agrees with war debt incurred by Congress previous to the existence of the Articles, it also define a team of the States to be a rule while Congress is not in sitting, it also does state the powers accorded to the United States of America: to set weights, to announce war and procedures (as well as coins), and for Congress to serve as the highest court for settling differences between states, it also says that spending by the United States of America shall be paid by finances raised by state legislatures, and based on the real property values shall be apportioned to each of the states .In the article, Only the central government was permitted to carry out foreign dealings and to pronounce war. No single state could have its navy or standing armies could engage in war without the consent of Congress (even though the state militia’s existence was encouraged). Each time the military is raised for general defense, military and colonels ranks below colonel would be named by the state legislatures.” The Articles were later on replaced with the more comprehensive the United States Constitution (Mcgeehan)
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Answer:
Affirmative action programs for under-represented minorities.
Explanation:
Affirmative action is defied as a policy where the race, color, sex, national origin or religion are considered to increase the opportunities provided to an underrepresented section of the society. It supports members of any disadvantage group or minorities who have discriminated in areas of housing, employment and education.
In the context, The University of California took the affirmative actions against the disadvantaged minorities to provide admission to them despite the Federal court decision in California v. Bakke (1978) to prohibit the use of the quota system to get admission in the university.
