Human structure.........................
THE TOP LEFT
Muslces have many subsidaries. First its starts with the tendon leading to the whole muscle and the surrounding epimysium, then perimysium, then the muscle fibres. then they further break down into myotubes.
Polyploid, Triploid and Euploid terms should not be used to describe chromosome 12
What are chromosomes?
- The thread-like chromosomes that convey the genetic information from cell to cell are formed of protein and a single DNA molecule.
- Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells in both plants and animals, including humans.
- There are 46 chromosomes in all, including 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
- Children receive half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father since each pair comprises two chromosomes, one from each parent.
- The dissolution of the nucleus during cell division allows for the visualization of chromosomes under a microscope.
- Living things have different numbers and shapes of chromosomes.
- One or two circular chromosomes may be found in most bacteria.
- All animals and plants, including humans, have linear chromosomes.
- Actually, there are a certain number of chromosomes for each species of plants and animals.
- For instance, a fruit fly has four pairs of chromosomes whereas a dog has 39 and a rice plant has 12.
- The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans are known as autosomes, whereas the twenty-third pair is known as the sex chromosomes.
- Typically, people with two X chromosomes (XX) are biologically female, whereas people with one X and one Y chromosome are naturally male (XY).
- There are, however, several exception to these laws.
Chromosomes 12:
- Each human cell typically has 23 pairs of the 46 chromosomes that make up the human genome.
- One of the pairings is made up of two copies of chromosome 12, one from each parent.
- Between 4% and 4.5 percent of all DNA in cells are found on chromosome 12, which covers almost 134 million DNA base pairs.
Hence, Polyploid, Triploid and Euploid terms should not be used to describe chromosome 12
To learn more about chromosomes 12 click on the link
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In a generic ant colony a single nest contains a few male drones for female fertilisation, one queen who lays the eggs and sterile female workers responsible for brood care, foraging, nest defence and fighting1. All workers in the colony maintain strict borders and are highly aggressive towards any non-nestmate alien intruders. This cooperation that is shown between nestmates is simple, efficient and masterful.
