1. Poiseuille's Law is used to determine flow via various lengths, widths and pressure gradients. Flow is ultimately dependent on radius and pressure gradient because viscosity and length relatively remain constant. Small changesi n radius lead to drastic changes in resistance.
2. Parallel Circulation. Vasoconstriction serves to shunt blood flow to other areas with much less significant effects on pressure. The total resistance is inversely proportional.
3. Series Circulation. Vasoconstriction increases back pressure and decreases downstream flow and pressure.
Probably cardio, but it all depends on your body. Balance it with weight lifting and you're golden
You can stay away from parties and limit the time spent around them. Short term can hope you maintain focus on yourself and other activities. Long term can help you stay out of trouble and have a better life
I would say 1. Apple juice may contain vitamins, but it lacks fibre which is necessary to regulate our blood glucose.