Crossing over: crossing over can mean any number of things. It could mean transforming, like making a change, or something as silly as crossing a bridge. In biological terms, it means transforming onto another stage, like a caterpillar making a chrysalis so it can cross over ino the final stage of its life: a beautiflul butterfly.
Answer:
#Mitral valves
There is a valve at the meeting point between each ureter and the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine into the kidneys.
Urinary reflux means that one (or both) of these valves is not working properly.
If you have urinary reflux, during urination the urine travels up the affected ureter to the kidney instead of flowing out of the body.
Urinary reflux most commonly occurs in babies and children.
In most cases, the valve will correct itself as a child grows and matures.
In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remodel the valve.
#Urine flows from each kidney through tubes called ureters and into the bladder. When the bladder is full, it squeezes and sends the urine out through the urethra. No urine should flow back into the ureter when the bladder is squeezing. Each ureter has a one-way valve where it enters the bladder that prevents urine from flowing back up the ureter.
Answer:
We don't know what your lab is about so we can't help answer
Specimen collection is the process of obtaining tissue or fluids for laboratory analysis or near-patient testing.
A specimen collection helps a scientist do an experiment by assembling a large number of samples for comparison. A poorly collected specimen may lead to failure in isolating the causative organism(s) and/or result in the recovery of contaminating organisms.
