Answer:
Instance variables can be declared anywhere inside a class.
Although there isn't any rule to declare instance variables before methods, and they can be declared anywhere in the class, they cannot be declared inside method definitions of class.
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<em>By convention class names begin with an uppercase letter, and method and variable names begin with a lowercase letter.</em> - True.
<em>Instance variables exist before methods are called on an object, while the methods are executing and after the methods complete execution.</em> - True.
<em>A class normally contains one or more methods that manipulate the instance variables that belong to particular objects of the class.</em> - True
The issue arises because the string you are trying to print is not a string, rather a float value. Item1, item2 and item3 are strong values (if you type some alphabets in it and not just numbers), but itemonecost, itemtwocost, and itemthreecost are explicitly type casted to float. In line 22, 23, and 24 you’re trying to print a float, by adding it with the string. One cannot add numbers to string. Rather you can type cast the itemcost to string while printing.
Add str(itemonecost) instead of itemonecost in print statement. Do this for other float variables too.
However do note that there are multiple ways to correct this issue, and I’ve just pointed one out.
Answer:
- def getCharacterForward(char, key):
- charList = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-
- if(len(char) > 1):
- return None
- elif(not isinstance(key, int)):
- return -1
- else:
- index = charList.find(char)
- if(index + key <= 25):
- return charList[index + key]
- else:
- return charList[(index + key)% 26]
-
- print(getCharacterForward("C", 4))
- print(getCharacterForward("X", 4))
Explanation:
Firstly, define a charList that includes all uppercase alphabets (Line 2). We presume this program will only handle uppercase characters.
Follow the question requirement and define necessary input validation such as checking if the char is a single character (Line 4). We can do the validation by checking if the length of the char is more than 1, if so, this is not a single character and should return None (Line 5). Next, validate the key by using isinstance function to see if this is an integer. If this is not an integer return -1 (Line 6 - 7).
Otherwise, the program will proceed to find the index of char in the charList using find method (Line 9). Next, we can add the key to index and use the result value to get forwarded character from the charList and return it as output (Line 11).
However, we need to deal a situation that the char is found at close end of the charList and the forward key steps will be out of range of alphabet list. For example the char is X and the key is 4, the four steps forward will result in out of range error. To handle this situation, we can move the last two forward steps from the starting point of the charList. So X move forward 4 will become B. We can implement this logic by having index + key modulus by 26 (Line 13).
We can test the function will passing two sample set of arguments (Line 15 - 16) and we shall get the output as follows:
G
B
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