1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
madreJ [45]
3 years ago
15

Pls help will give brainlest​

Computers and Technology
2 answers:
oksian1 [2.3K]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:using a louder voice

Source:trust me bro

Sloan [31]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

C

Explanation:

You might be interested in
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
A website wants to gives out detailed information to viewers about its upcoming conference and also provides a feature for searc
Alenkinab [10]

Answer: WIREFRAME

A website wireframe, also known as a page schematic or screen blueprint, is a visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website.[1]:166 Wireframes are created for the purpose of arranging elements to best accomplish a particular purpose. The purpose is usually being informed by a business objective and a creative idea. The wireframe depicts the page layout or arrangement of the website's content, including interface elements and navigational systems, and how they work together.[2]:131 The wireframe usually lacks typographic style, color, or graphics, since the main focus lies in functionality, behavior, and priority of content.[1]:167 In other words, it focuses on what a screen does, not what it looks like.[1]:168 Wireframes can be pencil drawings or sketches on a whiteboard, or they can be produced by means of a broad array of free or commercial software applications. Wireframes are generally created by business analysts, user experience designers, developers, visual designers, and by those with expertise in interaction design, information architecture and user research.

3 0
3 years ago
What is intellectual property?
xz_007 [3.2K]

Answer:

The 3rd one

Explanation:

Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial Property includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications.

7 0
3 years ago
A and B have same output or not? A B x=0 x=0 do do x<3 x=x+1 x=x+1 print x print x while x<3 while
katen-ka-za [31]

Answer:

A and B have different output:

A output will be 1

B output will be 123

Explanation:

A

X = 0

do x < 3

x = x+1

print x

while

B

X = 0

do x = x+ 1

print x

while x < 3

For statement A the condition statement which suppose to be after "while" is not set therefore the value of x will be printed.

For statement B the condition statement is set "x < 3" in front of "while" thereby result in iteration until the condition is false.

Statement A output will be 1

Statement B output will be 123

6 0
3 years ago
What is the HTML tag used to define a block of content?<br> O <br> O class<br> O #id<br> O
allsm [11]
Are there any other options
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • The Apple II is an IBM-compatible PC "clone".<br> True?<br> False?
    10·1 answer
  • If you have machines doing jobs, fewer staff are needed, therefore costs are
    5·2 answers
  • Dit View
    5·2 answers
  • What is not an option when a user is exporting contacts to share with others?
    10·1 answer
  • NAND is logically complete. Use only NAND gates to constructgate-level circuits that compute the
    7·1 answer
  • Name an analog quantity other than temperature and sound
    13·1 answer
  • Write a java program to print the following series: <br>1 5 9 13 17...n terms​
    13·2 answers
  • The response from a Google Form can be seen in how many ways?
    10·1 answer
  • MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
    14·2 answers
  • Type the correct answer in the box. Use numerals instead of words. If necessary, use / for the fraction bar.
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!