Logic is the study of how to critically think about propositions or statements that are either true or false.
Logic is very useful in the world of mathematics. Mathematicians use logic all the time to prove theorems and other mathematical facts. Everything we know about math right now is based off of these logical proofs. Without these, we wouldn't have our formulas, like the wonderful quadratic formula or the very useful Pythagorean Theorem.
Using logic in math is about mixing the specific language used in logic with the specific symbols used in math.
