The dominant language in the middle east in the following 4th century BC was Greek.
The Greek language is classified as a member of a Greek subfamily of the Indo-European languages. In the 4th Century BC, it influences with the expansion of Macedonian conquests of Alexnder the Great. Hordes of people moved from the areas of the modern-day Greece to settlements in the Middle East during the Hellenistic period, bring the Attic language with them that's why Greek is the most common language of the Middle East.
In 1519, Cortés entered Tenochtitlán, the capital of the Aztec/Mexica Empire. ... In August 1521, Cortés claimed Tenochtitlán for Spain and renamed it Mexico City.
The Spanish place the capital of colonial Mexico where they did due to a domination strategy. During the final stage of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan was besieged and essentially razed. Hernán Cortés understood the strategic and symbolic importance of the Aztec capital and founded the Spanish capital of Mexico City on the site, and in particular rebuilt the Aztec ceremonial and political center as the main square, the Plaza Mayor, usually called the Zócalo.
After landing near the modern-day city of Veracruz, Hernán Cortés heard about the great city and also learned of long-standing rivalries and grievances against it. Although Cortés came to Mexico with a very small contingent of Spaniards, he was able to persuade many of the other Indian peoples to help him destroy Tenochtitlan.
For a time, these allied peoples made use of the arrival of the European in the hopes of creating a world freed of Aztec domination. Spanish objective, however, was that they themselves would benefit from the destruction of Tenochtitlan, making the Indians not free, but rather more subservient to the Spaniards than they were to the Aztecs
Around 500 B.C.E in Hinduism, a ritual had been improperly performed if a prayer was not answered. Hinduism also believes that truth is eternal, the Vedas are the ultimate authority, Moksha is the goal of the individual soul, Brahman is truth and reality, individual souls are immortal and everyone should strive to achieve dharma.
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After the advent of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century, Islam started its expansion towards eastern regions through trade encouraged by the development of the maritime Silk Roads. Muslims were known to have a commercial talent notably encouraged by Islam, as well as excellent sailing skills.