Question

Many endangered species are predators that belong to the higher trophic levels. Which is the process that primarily affects animals at the highest trophic levels?A)eutrophication
B)species diversity
C)biomagnification
D)genetic diversity
E)acid rain

Answer 1

Answer: C). biomagnification

Biomagnification is the phenomena in which toxic chemicals released from industrial and agricultural wastes flow into water bodies and contaminate them. These toxic chemicals causes diseases, genetic mutations,  birth defects and death in organisms which indirectly or directly take them. These toxic chemicals enters into the food chain and affects mainly the  organisms which are at higher trophic levels. They get settle at the bottom of the water body with sediments and organisms feed on these sediments. These toxic chemicals are not digested therefore they are transferred from one trophic level to higher trophic level in an undigested and unchanged form. In the highest trophic level the concentration of these toxic chemicals becomes highest and result in mortality of organisms. This shows magnifying and enlarged destruction of organisms in a food chain hence named biomagnification. It affects endangered species of predators like fishes, aquatic mammals and birds which eat fishes.    

Answer 2

The correct answer is Biomagnification.

Biomagnification can be defined as the gradual increase in the concentration of the toxic chemicals at each trophic level. Lowest at the producers and highest at the higher trophic level.

The toxic chemicals such as industrial waste, radioactive waste that enters in the food chain and starts effecting the health of the plants and animals and its concentration increases at each trophic level.

The toxic chemicals gets transferred from the producers to consumers (predators except the primary consumers) and during this transfer the concentration increases.