As cold and flu viruses are thought to be passed from person to person by contact with respiratory droplets, one way that they can be spread is by direct bodily contact.

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The citric acid is a stage of catabolism that oxidizes acetate into carbon dioxide and generates energy. There are eight enzymes

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Answer:

1.(a ) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

(c) malate dehydrogenase

(d) isocitrate dehydrogenase

2. b. isocitrate dehydrogenase d. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

3. b. citrate synthase (c) succinyl-CoA synthesase

4. b. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase c. citrate synthase d. malate dehydrogenase

5. a. aconitase

Explanation:

The citric acid cycle is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA produced from pyruvate from glycolysis. The citric acid cycle has eight steps requiring nine enzymatic reactions involving eight enzymes.

The enzymes in the citric acid cycle are: citrate synthase , aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , succinyl-CoA synthesase, succinate dehydrogenase , fumarase , and malate dehydrogenase .

1. The dehydrogenation reactions of isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , and malate dehydrogenase produces NADH from isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and malate respectively.

2. Oxidative decorboxylation (removal of carbon as CO₂) also occurs in the reactions of isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to produce alpha-ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA respectively.

3. Coenzyme-A (CoA-SH) is produced in the reactions of citrate synthase and succinyl-CoA sythetase to produce citrate and succinate respectively.

4. The enzymes alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase has alpha-ketoglutarate as substrate , whereas citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase has oxaloacetate as substrate. These substrates are alpha-keto acids.

5. Aconitase catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate by first a dehydration and then a hydration reaction.

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