The Calvin cycle is called the dark cycle because it does not require
light to proceed. Unlike light reactions, the Calvin cycle is a
light-independent reaction, which means it can and will occur in the
dark as well as the light. The Calvin cycle is called the dark cycle
because it does not require light to proceed.
hope this helps :p
The answer is (b.) ecosystem. An ecosystem is all living organism in an area functioning together with nonliving factors of the environment. An Ecosystem is a community of the living organism that includes the producers, the consumers, and the decomposers.