Answer: The threats of environmental changes to the fitness, survival and reproductive success of individuals, and ultimately to the survival of species and ecosystems come from many directions: habitat destruction, disruption of food chains, changes in disease and parasitic loads, increased pollution and direct and indirect
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is - the large cross-sectional area and greater length of the cytoplasmic core get less resistance than the smaller cross-sectional area.
Explanation:
The greater length and the large cross-sectional area of the cytoplasmic path or core get less resistance than the resistance of the current path which is the small cross-sectional area of axoplasm. This leads it to greater resistance than the resistance of the current path through the extracellular fluid.
Other than this there is also an unequal distribution of the ions that leads to the increase in potential difference as higher Na+ ions present in cytoplasm and high amount of K+ ion present in axoplasm.
Below 50 meters, the ice now behaves in a ductile manner rather than a brittle manner, meaning it will stretch and fold under stress rather than fracturing.
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The energy passed to each subsequent trophic level in food chain is 10% of the energy in the last trophic level. Therefore:
Algae- 4,000 kJ
Larva- 400 kJ
Anchovy- 40 kJ
Eel- 4 kJ
The reduction in the energy passed is due to the fact that when an organism consumes a given amount of energy, it is utilized for different functions within the organism's body and is lost in a form that can not be recovered, for example, as heat energy.
Answer:
The most appropriate answer would be C.electron carriers such as NADP⁺.
High energy electrons are transported through electron transport chain embedded in a thylakoid membrane in order to produce energy rich compounds such as ATP and NADPH.
It is also called as light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. It includes four major protein complexes: photosystem II, photosystem I, cytochrome b6f complex, and ATP synthase.
The electron first gets excited from chlorophyll a present in the reaction center (P₆₈₀ and P₇₀₀) of two photosystems (PS II and PS I) . The electron in PS II is replenished by photolysis of water.
Different electron carriers (such as plastoquinone, plastocyanin, pheophytin, chlorophyll A₀ etc) are present which help in transferring this high energy electron from one complex to another. NADP⁺ is the final acceptor of the electron and gets reduced to NADPH.
NADPH and ATP are then used in dark reaction in order to fix carbon into sugars.
