Explanation:
will dissociate into ions as follows.
Hence, 
for this reaction will be as follows.
![K_{sp} = [Pb^{2+}][Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
We take x as the molar solubility of when we dissolve x moles of solution per liter.
Hence, ionic molarities in the saturated solution will be as follows.
![[Pb^{2+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D)
= ![[Pb^{2+}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ x
![[Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
= ![[Br^{-}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ 2x
So, equilibrium solubility expression will be as follows.
= ![([Pb^{2+}]_{o} + x)([Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x)^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%20x%29%28%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x%29%5E%7B2%7D)
Each sodium bromide molecule is giving one bromide ion to the solution. Therefore, one solution contains = 0.10 and there will be no lead ions. So, = 0
So, ![[Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x)
will approximately equals to .
Hence, ![K_{sp} = x[Br^{-}]^{2}_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20x%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D_%7Bo%7D)
x = 
M
Thus, we can conclude that molar solubility of is M.
Answer:
19. Option B. ⁰₋₁B
20. Option D. ²¹⁰₈₄Po
Explanation:
19. ²²⁸₈₈Ra —> ²²⁸₈₉Ac + ʸₓZ
Thus, we can determine ʸₓZ as follow:
228 = 228 + y
Collect like terms
228 – 228 = y
y = 0
88 = 89 + x
Collect like terms
88 – 89 = x
x = –1
Thus,
ʸ ₓZ => ⁰₋₁Z => ⁰₋₁B
²²⁸₈₈Ra —> ²²⁸₈₉Ac + ʸₓZ
²²⁸₈₈Ra —> ²²⁸₈₉Ac + ⁰₋₁B
20. ᵘᵥX —> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
Thus, we can determine ᵘᵥX as follow:
u = 206 + 4
u = 210
v = 82 + 2
v = 84
Thus,
ᵘᵥX => ²¹⁰₈₄X => ²¹⁰₈₄Po
ᵘᵥX —> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
²¹⁰₈₄Po —> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
Answer:
Environment refers to everything that surrounds an individual and interacts between them. The factors that control the environment can be biotic and abiotic.
Humans have greatly affected the environment. Some of the ways in which the environment is affected by humans are as follows-
(1) Humans have constructed industries and factories that have released a huge amount of toxic gases into the atmosphere.
(2) These harmful gases have increased the earth's global temperature. As a result of which the global warming effect has increased.
(3) The waste materials eliminated from these industries mix with the rivers and streams and pollute the water. It degrades water quality.
(4) The fossil fuels are exhausted at a very high rate.
(5) The spilling of the oils in the oceans has affected the marine species drastically.
(6) Due to the extensive mining at different places, soil fertility has decreased considerably.
(7) Cutting down trees for settlement purposes and other infrastructures.
Answer:
Explanation:
conjugate acid, based on Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound that is formed by the reception of a proton by a base
a. CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇌ H₃0⁺ + CH₃C00-
Acid <> CH₃COOH
Base <> H₂O
Conjugate acid <> H₃0 +
Conjugate base <>CH₃C00-
b. HCO₃ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃⁻ + OH⁻
Acid <> H₂O
Base <> HCO₃
Conjugate acid <> H₂CO₃⁻
Conjugate base <>OH⁻
C. HNO₃ + SO₄²⁻ ⇌ HSO₄⁻ + NO₃⁻
Acid <>HNO₃
Base <>SO₄²⁻
Conjugate acid <>HSO₄⁻
Conjugate base <>NO₃⁻
A Bronsted acid is reffered to as a proton donor while a Bronsted base is a proton acceptor
