Answer: I think its 4 + 2m
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
What is unmeasured cofounding?
- By definition, an unmeasured confounder is a variable that is connected to both the exposed and the result and could explain the apparent observed link.
- The validity of interpretation in observational studies is threatened by unmeasured confounding. The use of negative control group to reduce unmeasured confounding has grown in acceptance and popularity in recent years.
Although they've been utilised mostly for bias detection, negative controls have a long history in laboratory sciences and epidemiology of ruling out non-causal causes. A pair of negative control exposure and outcome variables can be utilised to non-parametrically determine the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data that is vulnerable to uncontrolled confounding, according to a recent study by Miao and colleagues.
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
Learn more about unmeasured confounding here:
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9514 1404 393
Answer:
20.8 cm
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "hypotenuse" suggests this triangle is a right triangle. Then the other leg can be found using the Pythagorean theorem:
x^2 +12^2 = 24^2
x^2 = 576 -144 = 432
x = √432 ≈ 20.8 . . . cm
The other leg is about 20.8 cm.
_____
<em>Additional comment</em>
A right triangle with a short leg that is 1/2 the length of the hypotenuse is the "special" 30°-60°-90° right triangle. The longer leg is √3 times the length of the short leg: 12√3 ≈ 20.8 cm.
Answer:
Converges at -1
Step-by-step explanation:
The integral converges if the limit exists, if the limit does not exist or if the limit is infinity it diverges.
We will make use of integral by parts to determine:
let:
We can therefore determine that if x tends to 0 the limit is -1
Answer:
-51
Step-by-step explanation:
-85
+211
-147
+75
-105
=-51
