The five types of states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate.
Solid objects do not move a lot relative to themselves. Their molecules stay stacked neatly with no intermolecular spaces. They do not have much energy, or heat hence the molecules in solid state don't show movement.
Liquid state have more heat and more energy and a little more intermolecular space than solid. Their molecules are no longer stacked neatly due to presence of air capsules, but they still touch each other. Their structure is uncertain and can flow, their shape will alter quickly and dramatically with outside forces, but they will essentially remain a single mass unless pushed apart.
Gasses have even more energy than liquid and solid. Due to presence of high intermolecular spaces they flow like liquids, but are even more susceptible to the forces acting on them. Their molecules don’t touch each other, but are still close enough to bounce into one another frequently.
Plasma is the state of matter which is like a gas on steroids. Molecules of plasma might start in the same area, but rarely touch each other. Plasma molecules have lost electrons, and have become charged. Plasma molecules set other things on fire, and even vaporize them.
Bose-Einstein condensate or BEC was first created by scientists in the year 1995. This was created using a combination of lasers and magnets, Eric Cornell and Carl Weiman, scientists at the Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado, cooled a sample of rubidium to within a few degrees of absolute zero.
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Answer: The best way to promote the process are:
--> Add a bit of solid as a seed crystal.
--> Scratch the bottom of the flask gently with a stirring rod.
Explanation:
A crystal growth is seen is SUPERSATURATED solutions which contains more solute than it can normally dissolve at that given temperature. It is usually very UNSTABLE and capable of releasing the excess solute if disturbed, either by shaking or seeding with a tiny crystals.
Crystallization can be used for the separation of two salts with different solubilities as well as for purification of a soluble salt that contains insoluble solid impurities. Recrystallization improves the validity of the process. Crystallization can be initiated by:
--> Scratching the bottom of the flask gently with a stirring rod: scratching initiates crystallization by providing energy from the high-frequency vibrations.
--> Adding a bit of solid as a seed crystal: Seed crystals create a nucleation site where crystals can begin growth.
Answer:
Concentration, pressure, and temperature are the three factors that affect chemical equilibrium
Answer:
NaClO3 = NaCl + O2
Explanation:
Word equation: Sodium chlorate → Sodium chloride + Oxygen gas
This question is asking for a method for the determination of the freezing point in a solution that does not have a noticeable transition in the cooling curve, which is basically based on a linear fit method.
The first step, would be to understand that when the transition is well-defined as the one on the attached file, we can just identify the temperature by just reading the value on the graph, at the time the slope has a pronounced change. For instance, on the attached, the transition occurs after about 43 seconds and the freezing point will be about 4 °C.
However, when we cannot identify a pronounced change in the slope, it will be necessary to use a linear fit method (such as minimum squares) to figure out the equation for each segmented line having a significantly different slope and then equal them so that we can numerically solve for the intercept.
As an example, imagine two of the segmented lines have the following equations after applying the linear fit method:
First of all, we equal them to find the x-value, in this case the time at which the freezing point takes place:
Next, we plug it in in any of the trendlines to obtain the freezing point as the y-value:
This means the freezing point takes place after 7.72 second of cooling and is about 1.84 °C. Now you can replicate it for any not well-defined cooling curve.
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