Answer:
The correct answer is D. will result in a multiple times higher decrease in equilibrium real GDP in the short run; however, a tax-rate reduction will increase the automatic-stabilizer properties of the tax system, so equilibrium real GDP would be less stable.
Explanation:
Ricardian Equivalence is an economic theory that suggests that when a government increases expenses financed with debt to try to stimulate demand, demand does not really undergo any change.
This is because increases in the public deficit will lead to higher taxes in the future. To keep their consumption pattern stable, taxpayers will reduce consumption and increase their savings in order to offset the cost of this future tax increase.
If taxpayers reduce their consumption and increase their savings by the same amount as the debt to be returned by the government, there is no effect on aggregate demand.
The fundamental concept of Ricardian equivalence is that it does not matter which method the government chooses to increase spending, whether by issuing public debt or through taxes (applying an expansive fiscal policy), the result will be the same and demand will remain unchanged.
Answer:
1. Using CAPM, the required return is;
Required return = risk free rate + beta * market risk premium
= 6% + 1.5 * 9%
= 19.5%
2. First find the portfolio beta which is a weighted average of the individual betas;
= (60% * 2.4) + (40% * 0.9)
= 1.8
Now use CAPM
= risk free rate + beta * (Market return - risk free rate)
= 4% + 1.8 * (13% - 4%)
= 20.2%
3.Geometric average can be calculated by;
=( ((1 + r1) * (1 + r2) * (1 + r3)) ^1/n) - 1
= (((1 + 6%) * (1 + 10%) * (1 - 6%)) ^ 1/3) - 1
= (1.09604^1/3) - 1
= 3.1%
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Answer:
Net income for a merchandiser is computed as:
Net sales - cost of goods sold - other expenses.
Explanation:
Net sales are the sales revenue after deducting sales discounts and allowances. The cost of goods sold represent the beginning inventory of merchandise and current period's purchases less the ending inventory. The difference between the net sales and the cost of goods sold is called the gross profit. From this, other expenses incurred in running the business and generating sales are deducted, including income taxes to arrive at the net income.
