The flux of
is given by the surface integral

where
is the given square region, which we can parameterize by

with
and
. The area element is

where
is the normal vector to
. Depending on the orientation of
, this vector could be

or
; either way, the integral reduces to

Answer:
the correct answer is The English Bill of Rights
Explanation:
This is the answer because i have taken the test.
Answer:
Explanation:
From the given information:
We know that the thin spherical shell is on a uniform surface which implies that both the inside and outside the charge of the sphere are equal, Then
The volume charge distribution relates to the radial direction at r = R
∴



To find the constant k, we examine the total charge Q which is:


∴



Thus;




Hence, from equation (1), if k = 


To verify the units:

↓ ↓ ↓
c/m³ c/m³ × 1/m
Thus, the units are verified.
The integrated charge Q



since 

A) position time graph for both is shown
here one of the graph is of lesser slope which means it is moving with less speed while other have larger slope which shows larger speed
At one point they intersects which is the point where they both will meet
B) Let the two will meet after time "t"
now we can say that
if they both will meet after time "t"
then the total distance moved by you and other person will be same as the distance between you and home
so it is given as



so they will meet after t = 6 min
so from position time graph we can see that two will meet after t = 6 min where at this position two graphs will intersect
Please elaborate more on your question so I can help you