Answer:
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Explanation:
The outgroup is the most distant taxonomic group that shares no traits or characters with the lineages of interest, which compose the ingroup. You can compare the outgroup with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.
Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages. The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.
To select the outgroup, you need to focus on what you are interested in. There might be several outgroups, but you should choose the one that is more related or closer to the ingroups. This selection is important because you need to make comparisons to understand the evolution of specific traits.
In the exposed example, we need to focus on animals that have four limbs. Then, we might assume that the ingroup is composed of Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs. Sharks and Ray-Finned Fish do not have four limbs, so they might be considered outgroups.
From these two outgroups, sharks have a cartilaginous skeleton, while Ray-Finned Fishes have a bony skeleton. This fact makes ray-finned fishes more related to the ingroup than the sharks. So,
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Answer:
Electrolysis is more expensive. Electrolysis is when water molecules break down into oxygen and hydrogen gas. Breakdown of methane contains carbon and releases CO2.
The thoracic cavity, also called the chest cavity, is a cavity of vertebrates bounded by the rib cage on the sides and top, and the diaphragm on the bottom. The chest cavity is bound by the thoracic vertebrae, which connect to the ribs that surround the cavity. The thoracic cavity is actually composed of three spaces each lined with mesothelium, a special film-like tissue that separates vital organs. The pleural cavities surround the lungs, while the pericardial cavity surrounds and protects the heart.
I think the correct answer would be option A. It is important to have supporting evidence from a variety of fields because it would lend strength to the argument if evidence from a diversity of fields results in the same conclusion. It would make the theory more believable since a number of professionals which know more about that subject has the same conclusions and believe in the same idea.
