Positive ions from a base and negative ions from an acid form a it helps for example ypu have positive ions right well take my smart advice well the positive ions and the negative ions they combine together to make sulphour
Answer:
Until recently, most neuroscientists thought we were born with all the neurons we were ever going to have. As children we might produce some new neurons to help build the pathways - called neural circuits - that act as information highways between different areas of the brain. But scientists believed that once a neural circuit was in place, adding any new neurons would disrupt the flow of information and disable the brain’s communication system.
In 1962, scientist Joseph Altman challenged this belief when he saw evidence of neurogenesis (the birth of neurons) in a region of the adult rat brain called the hippocampus. He later reported that newborn neurons migrated from their birthplace in the hippocampus to other parts of the brain. In 1979, another scientist, Michael Kaplan, confirmed Altman’s findings in the rat brain, and in 1983 he found neural precursor cells in the forebrain of an adult monkey.
These discoveries about neurogenesis in the adult brain were surprising to other researchers who didn’t think they could be true in humans. But in the early 1980s, a scientist trying to understand how birds learn to sing suggested that neuroscientists look again at neurogenesis in the adult brain and begin to see how it might make sense. In a series of experiments, Fernando Nottebohm and his research team showed that the numbers of neurons in the forebrains of male canaries dramatically increased during the mating season. This was the same time in which the birds had to learn new songs to attract females.
Why did these bird brains add neurons at such a critical time in learning? Nottebohm believed it was because fresh neurons helped store new song patterns within the neural circuits of the forebrain, the area of the brain that controls complex behaviors. These new neurons made learning possible. If birds made new neurons to help them remember and learn, Nottebohm thought the brains of mammals might too.
Other scientists believed these findings could not apply to mammals, but Elizabeth Gould later found evidence of newborn neurons in a distinct area of the brain in monkeys, and Fred Gage and Peter Eriksson showed that the adult human brain produced new neurons in a similar area.
For some neuroscientists, neurogenesis in the adult brain is still an unproven theory. But others think the evidence offers intriguing possibilities about the role of adult-generated neurons in learning and memory.
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1. Carnivore
2. Producer
3. Decomposer
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the stage where glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvates (3 carbon compounds). This occurs in the cytoplasm and produces 2 ATP molecules. The pyruvates enters the mitochondria and enters the link reactions where it combines with co enzyme A (CoA). Decarboxylation ( removal of CO2) and dehydrogenation (removal of H) occurs here. Since CO2 is removed from the pyruvate it means a carbon is removed. This produces a 2 carbon compounds called acetyl. The acetyl compound is what combines with the CoA to form a compound called acetylCoA. This compound then enters the Krebs cycle.
The CoA co enzyme leaves and the acetyl reacts with a four carbon compound called oxaloacetate. This then forms a 6 carbon compound compound called citrate. A series of dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reactions occur to convert the 6 carbon compound back to oxalaoactate( the 4 carbon sugar). An ATP molecule is formed during one spin of the Krebs cycle.
The electron transport chain is where the reduced NAD (formed from dehydrogenation in glycolyisis, the link reactions and Krebs cycle) and Reduced FAD ( formed from dehydrogenation in the krebs cycle). molecules pass along a series of electrom carriers where they release energy that will be used to make ATP. Oxygen is the last electron carriers
I tried to sum it up as best as possible. If you want in detail explanations of each then I can explain it also.
