During these initial reactions, water is used and oxygen is released. The energy from sunlight is converted into a small amount of ATP and an energy carrier called NADPH. Together with carbon dioxide, these are used to make glucose (sugar) through a process called the Calvin Cycle.
Bladder is an internal organ, which is mainly made up of smooth muscles. The contractions of the smooth muscles are not under voluntary control. The contraction of these muscles are directed by brain, without any external control.
The autonomic nervous system is a part of nervous system, which is responsible for regulation of the all the conditions, which occur involuntarily. It directs the movements of all smooth muscles.
Hence, the movements of the bladder are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
I think it's lights-dependent reaction
Explanation:
Because the light dependent reaction use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier nadph in Plants, the light reaction take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles has called chloroplast.
