Answer: e. golgi apparatus
Explanation:
The materials that are required to be transfer out of the cells are packed in the vesicles by the golgi apparatus. The materials like proteins from the ribosome diffuse inside the golgi apparatus where these are packed inside the vesicles. These vesicles migrate to the membrane and release their protein outside the cells.
1. Metamerism is a phenomenon that appears in some animals and it refers to linear disposition of their body segments that are similar in structures. These body segments are called metamers or somites and they include only the ectoderm and mesoderm (not endoderm). Metamers repeat serial and they have role in advanced locomotion. Metamerism might be homonymous when its strict or heteronymous when units are grouped together to perform similar functions.
2. Earthworm is an example of homonymous metamerism, meaning that its segments are strict. The subtype of homonymous metamerism in which Earthworm belongs is called true metamerism because in each its segment there is a repetition of organs and muscles. On the other hand, Arthropods are example of heteronymous metamerism when units are grouped together to perform similar functions. So, they have for example, head (5 metameres), thorax (3 metameres), and abdomen (11 metameres).
3. Similarities between Earthworm and Arthropods’ metamerism are:
• Metamers are similar in structure
• Each metamer has its function
• Involved in locomotion
Differences is that metamers in Earthworm all work together for the whole organism while in Arthropods they are functionally separated in groups with different functions.
There are various ways that geologists use for identification of minerals. These methods or tests are very simple to perform and can quickly help in the accurate identification of minerals. We will discuss here only three of them.
1) Hardness:
It is the property of a mineral that resists its scratching. It has something to do with the chemical bonding between atoms of a mineral. The stronger that bonding is, the difficult it is for you to scratch the mineral. Although presence of impurities can effect the right diagnosis of the mineral but still hardiness is a very good criteria to identify a mineral. For example, lead has very low hardness due to which we can write through it on paper, however a steal nib would never let us write because it has good hardness and it cannot be scratched easily. Please see the attached image, it shows hardness values of different minerals that give unique identification to them.
2)Streak:
It is the test in which mineral is scraped with a porcelain piece. This streaking can help in the diagnosis of the mineral in powdered form. For example, when chromite is streaked it gives choclate brown streaks and it is the color very different from all other minerals and it can be quickly identified.
3) Physical properties:
There are some ways of identifying a mineral by just looking at them, however some experts are better at it then some one who has zero experience. This is because minerals have some characteristics like color, luster (that can be metallic or non metallic) and taste or smell. For example, sulfur has a specific smell and it is quickly identified with it. Chalcanthite has a specific taste and it can be quickly identified with it.
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Most fish (especially the "Bony fish") achieve neutral buoyancy through a sac called the swim bladder in there body of which is filled with air, not much but it'a just enough to keep then a float. The fish can control this organ, and using that they can fill or release air to allow them to rise or sink.
Cartilaginous fish however, do not have a swim bladder.
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