I believe that the correct match will be;
Prominences- A
Sunspots - B
Solar flares - C
Convection -D
Prominence is a large, bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the Sun's hot outer atmosphere, called the corona.
Sunspots are darker, cooler areas on the surface of the sun in a region called the protosphere. Solar flares are large eruptions of electromagnetic radiation from the sun lasting from minutes to hours.
B, osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane according to the gradient of concentration. The water moves to were the concentration of solute is higher, that way the solute concentration is equalized.
Earth quakes can happen anywhere that two tectonic plates interact because thats how earthquakes happen
Easy. HISTORY or GEOGRAPHY books of specific areas you want to know more about.