I literally can’t understand you rewrite the question
Answer:
To begin, we need to first grasp the basic terminology relevant to the study of religious minorities. Religious minorities are known as dhimmīs, short for ahl al-dhimmah, or people of the dhimmah, a term that later became synonymous with the People of the Book.[4] The original meaning of al-dhimmah, however, meant protection, and it was often short for dhimmat–Allah wa-rasūlih, or the “protection of God and His Prophet.”[5] In short, the concept originally had a divine connotation, or a meaning that was directly related to the power of God. However, the concept soon morphed into a technical legal term with the progression of classical scholarship, and it consequently lost its transcendent dimension.[6] As a result, ahl al-dhimmah, or people of the dhimmah, has become a legal term and not a reference to the recipients of divine protection. It is important to discuss the etymology of the word because it demonstrates the significance of the people of the dhimmah who, at the very root of it all, are people who were to be protected on behalf of God and His Prophet ﷺ – an immense responsibility. This status is awarded to People of the Book (who according to many scholars includes Zoroastrians and others) who agree through contract to pay the jizyah, or poll-tax, in exchange for that protection.[7] In sum, the formation of the people of the dhimmah was rooted in religious minorities paying a tax that exempted them from military service. Much more nuance can be embedded within all of these terms that are sometimes highly contested among scholars, but considering the limited scope of this paper, we will move forward to address the larger picture at hand.
The power of the Muslim state was dependent on its ability to provide two precious resources to its people: security and justice.[8] Christians and Jews and other minorities were not technically citizens of the Muslim state; they were considered outsiders under the protection of the state, leading to the title of dhimmah, or protected people.[9] Their protection was guaranteed in a number of ways: by providing them with legal autonomy – meaning they could maintain their religious practices without interference – and protection during war. That said, there have no doubt been incidents throughout history in which that protection was threatened or revoked and the Muslim ruler engaged in persecution of religious minorities.[10] The fact remains, however, that there was never widespread systematic persecution of Christians, for example, in the Islamic world as there was in the late Roman Empire.[11] And the hostile circumstances that did occasionally arise, were not due to Islamic legislation per se, but were rather a result of an amalgam of social, political, and economic circumstances. So while Christians historically at times suffered at the hands of Muslims, it was almost never a result of their being Christian, or their beliefs, but a result of various factors related to the pursuit of power.[12]
Explanation:
Answer:
American principles traditionally opposed to imperialism.
Explanation:
<u>The American Anti-Imperialism League was formed so as to oppose to new expansion tendencies.</u> It argued that the traditional American attitude was that the only lawful and just government was the one that is approved by those who are governed.
According to the members of the League, <em>it was a violation of the original American beliefs</em> but sadly for them, it didn't persist and the organization, as well as the beliefs were shut down and defeated in the beginning of the 20th century.
Answer:
<h2>
<em><u>Samuel Morse</u></em></h2>
Explanation:
Telegraph was the device invented by Samuel Morse and other inventors in 1830's and 1840's. It revolutionised long distance communication and worked by transmitting electrical signal by a wire laid between two stations.
Samuel Morse also developed set of dots and dashes for each alphabet of English language so that complex messages could be transferred via telegraph lines. Samuel Morse sent the first telegraph between Washington D.C to Baltimore in 1844. By 1866, telegraph lines had been laid between Europe and Atlantic.
