1- C) C) Inside the nucleus
Explanation:
As we know, positively charged particles called protons are found inside the nucleus. An atom contains all three types of particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. Among these, neutrons and protons reside inside the nucleus whereas electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits.
As we know there is no charge on neutron, positive on protons and negative on electrons, that is why the overall charge of an atom is neutral. Because the positive charges are equal to negative charges, they cancel the effect of each other.
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2- B) Mesosphere
Explanation:
Mesosphere is the part of our atmosphere that is present directly above stratosphere and extends 31 to 53 miles or 50 to 85 km above the earth. This is the place where the air masses are relatively mixed together and the temperature decreases with altitude. Atmospheric temperatures reach the lowest average value of around -90°C in the mesosphere. The research has shown that meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
Sometimes we can see a certain kind of lightening on sky that is called sprites. It appears above thunderstorms in the layer mesosphere.
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3- A) It describes specific relationships which change over time.
Explanation:
Scientific law is very different from a theory since law is just a description of facts or the phenomenon we have observed, while the theory explain why a specific phenomenon occur under certain circumstances. The reasoning part is missing in the law that is why it just describes relationship between certain factors we were researching over a certain period of time.
Laws can also considered to be as observation about a relationship of two or more than two things that has been tested by series of experimentation and supported by those experimentation.
For example: Mendel’s laws of inheritance and segregation.
4- A) May be re-examined to strengthen science
Explanation:
As we know that the science always demands for testing and again testing until we reach a reliable theory that can be transformed into a scientific law based on those replicated results.
Scientific law is very different from a theory since law is just a description of facts or the phenomenon we have observed, while the theory explain why a specific phenomenon occur under certain circumstances.
Therefore, we can say that law always does not demonstrate how exactly the phenomenon took place. There is no doubt that if a theory is not disproved by researcher over a long period of time, it becomes a law. However, to reach that conclusion just on the basis of time is not sensible. It is better 1- be re-examined to strengthen of a phenomenon and retest it so that the more reliable description can be made a law.
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5- B) Downwards
Explanation:
During the mature stage of a thunderstorm air moves both in downwards direction. Studies has shown that downwards movement of the air is dominated by the upward movement.
This is because when a thunderstorm starts and is at very initial stages, air is moving in upward direction and leads to the production of clouds because warm air is rising.
However when a storm become mature in intensity cold air start to dominate and leads to the breaking up of storm.
So, if we talk about mature stage, option B is the most suitable answer.
Hope it help!