Answer:
d. positive; exceeds
Explanation:
Unemployment rate refers to the percentage of the total labor force in an economy, who are unemployed but seeking to be gainfully employed. The unemployment rate is divided into various types, these include;
I. Cyclical unemployment rate (CU).
II. Frictional unemployment rate (FU).
III. Structural unemployment rate (SU).
IV. Actual unemployment rate (AU).
V. Natural Rate of Unemployment (NU).
Cyclical unemployment can be defined as a type of unemployment which is typically related to changes in the business, economy or industry cycle such as recession, governmental policies etc.
Mathematically, cyclical unemployment is given by the formula;
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The trough of a business cycle refers to the stage where decline (fall) in business activities ends and transit into expansion i.e the business moves from a decline (fall) to an expansion (rise).
Hence, at the trough of the business cycle, cyclical unemployment is positive and the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate of unemployment because there's an increase in the level of output or productivity.
Answer:
Perfect Competition, Imperfect Competition, Oligopoly, and Monolopy
Explanation:
There are four basic types of market structures: perfect competition, imperfect competition, oligopoly, and monopoly.
5% of 2265$ is 113,25$
Because 5% is 5/100 so 5 x 2265$ = 11325$
11325$ : 100 = 113,25$
Second year cost is the first year’s plus 5% so
2265$ + 113,25$ = 2378,25$ (second year cost)
When one commercial bank borrows from another commercial bank, it pays the discount rate.
The one place where a bank can get reserves is by borrowing from a commercial bank. As whenever a person or a business firm or an organization borrows, they should pay interest and a bank that borrows from a commercial firm must pay interest to them too. The interest that the commercial bank charges to banks that borrow from them is called the discount rate.
The term discount rate is used when looking at a certain amount of money to be received in the future years and calculating the present value now. The word “discount” means the amount to be deducted. A discount rate is a typical rate that is deducted from a future quantity of money to provide its present value to money seekers.
The cash flows of investments or business ventures when at the time of discount, it is important to note whether the discount rates used can be varied depending on particular different elements. So, discount rates are paid to compensate the borrower bank to the lender bank during transactions.
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