1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Fofino [41]
3 years ago
14

The muscarinic1 and muscarinic3 of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) are similar in function.

Health
1 answer:
svetlana [45]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

   Muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 are coupled to Gq protein, excitatory subnunit, which increase intracellular calcium, promoting: contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris, increased intestinal motility, bronchoconstriction, increase secretion of histamine in stomach.

Explanation:

  In the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), the acting neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Ach). Ach acts on two types of receptors: nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors.  When Ach is released into the synaptic cleft, it then binds to a particular receptor and then performs its actions.

   Muscarinic receptors (M) are coupled to G protein. We have several muscarinic receptors, from 1 to 7. M 1, 3 and 5, the odd ones, are coupled to the Gq protein, an excitatory subunit, which activates a cascade, leading to increased intracellular calcium.  M 2 and 4, the pairs receptors, are coupled to the Gi protein, an inhibitory subunit, as it increases the potassium permeability.

  These receptors have different locations: M1 is located in the central nervous system, gastric parietal cells and autonomic ganglia; M2 is located in the heart, and does presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release, as I said earlier; M3 located in smooth muscle and glands; M4 located in the central nervous system; and M5 also in the central nervous system.

  A visible effect of Ach's action on an M3 receptor occurs in the eyeball, especially in the sphincter muscle of the iris.  M3 is an excitatory receptor and, when activated by Ach, promotes contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris, leading to shrinkage of the pupil, a process known as miosis.  Another effect also on the eyeball, and by Ach's action on M3, is increased tear secretion, as the parasympathetic stimulates secretion of our glands, and the tear gland is not left out.  

 Acetylcholine is released, binds to the gastrointestinal system M3 receptor, and promotes increased intestinal motility as well as increased intestinal secretions, which is of paramount importance for digestion.

 The bronchi, by parasympathetic action in M3, contract, thus promoting bronchoconstriction.

 By acting in M1, Ach increase the secretion of histamine in stomach.

.

   

You might be interested in
Animal sources are considered _____ proteins because they are easy to digest and contain all of the essential amino acids in amo
k0ka [10]

High quality.

The body requires 20 distinct types of amino acids. Only 11 of these, known as "non-essential amino acids," are produced by our bodies; the other 9 must be obtained from diet (essential amino acids).

Complete proteins, or those that include all of the necessary amino acids our bodies require, are found in animal proteins like meat, eggs, and milk. The best sources of protein are those found in animal products.

On the other hand, a number of studies have connected eating red meat to a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and early mortality. Additional research has revealed that consuming more processed red meat may actually raise your chance of dying from heart disease.

Here's another question with an answer similar to this about Animal Proteins: brainly.com/question/4129990

#SPJ4

8 0
2 years ago
What is a Graphic Element?
anastassius [24]

Answer:

A Graphic Element shows relationships, hierarchy, and emphasis visually.

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
regular examinations; proper nutrition; plenty of water; regular, moderate exercise, and avoidance of all harmful substances hel
Ray Of Light [21]

Answer:

Improved physical health.

Explanation:

In simple words, physical health refers to the absence of illness. This can be achieved through different activities that become part of our daily life, such as a balanced diet, regularity of moderate physical activity, and the avoidance of harmful habits such as smoking and drinking.

The following activities significantly impact our physical health:

  • Getting regular health examinations at the clinic to check blood pressure, weight, any possible diseases or harmful microorganisms, amongst others.
  • Eating the right amount of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. In other words, a proper nutrition. This includes drinking 2 L of water a day.
  • Practicing regular exercise.
  • Avoiding harmful substances such as drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol.
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What is the difference between mechnical and chemical digestion
sesenic [268]

Answer:

Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion. The role of chemical digestion is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
Define personality and identify influences on personality. Next, describe the characteristics that may indicate someone has a
Afina-wow [57]

Answer:

<em>In simple terms, personality can be described as the qualities or behavior which are attributed to a person. </em>

<em></em>

Two main factors contribute to influencing the personality of a person are:

  • Nature: This includes the inheritance of certain traits which are reflected in a person's personality.

  • Nurture:  The effect that an environment or society has on the personality of a person.

A person with a personality disorder might indicate the following signs:

  • Might be overly emotional
  • Might have trouble in sleeping or insomnia
  • Might have hallucinations
  • Might have suicidal thoughts
  • thinking pattern might not be normal

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • 6.<br> When choosing a time and place to confront another person, do not
    5·2 answers
  • Which of the following viruses would most likely have reverse transcriptase?A) an RNA-based lytic virusB) an RNA-based lysogenic
    5·1 answer
  • Why does the heart automatically adjust the flow of blood to match activity levels?
    7·2 answers
  • How can health literally help people become more productive
    9·1 answer
  • If a chalazion interferes with glandular secretion, the immediate outcome would be ______. a. the impairment of ciliary gland ac
    9·1 answer
  • To get stronger you should use
    12·1 answer
  • What is a teaching plan for someone to bathe themselves
    15·1 answer
  • Explain why an autopsy is performed even when a death is not suspicious.
    5·2 answers
  • The tissue which lines moveable joints is _______.<br> a. tendons<br> b. cartilage <br> c. ligaments
    11·1 answer
  • During exercise that lasts longer than 60 continuous minutes, which fluids are best to consume to delay fatigue and promote flui
    9·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!