Similar to the other types of muscle, smooth muscle contraction is caused by the sliding of myosin and actin filaments over each other. Calcium initiates contractions in a different way in a smooth muscle than in a skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscles use less energy to generate the given amount of force, can substain contractile force without fatigue & uses calcium from the sarcoplasic reticulum & extracellular space.
Question 1:
<u>Answer</u>:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
<u>Explanation</u>
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
<u>Answer:</u>
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.
Drug "Tolerance" is the status of when the body has become accustomed to a medication and requires more to achieve a same affect. Makes sense wouldn't you say.
Answer:
Well, I'd assume the heart
Explanation:
because it pumps blood and oxygen and everything really relies on it.
it could also be other important organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs, but the heart is the root of all the bodies functions working properly.
