The answer is A!
Explanation: All are hiden variables
The answer is purposiveness of behavior.
Edward Tolman is a purposive behaviorist whose work contributed to cognitive learning theory. His theory was called Purposive Behaviorism because he dealt with behaviors that are purposive or goal directed. Behaviors become purposive when an individual seeks something in its environment. The bits of knowledge and cognition gathered while seeking in the environment serve as cognitive maps are used to navigate more and find routes to his goal.
Answer:
A, competing in a marathon
Explanation:
Wakefulness is a brain state, a conscious state where an individual is able to think in a cognitive manner and responds to the external world.
The opposite of wakefulness is being asleep, where the external input to the brain is not being processed.
Jemma, competing in a marathon is perfectly aware of her actions and her thinking is clear. In all the other examples, the people are unconscious, or in a sleep or a sleep-alike state (sleepwalking), where their brain is not involved in making decisions or processing information.
