I believe the answer is: a. Churches
Churches are considered to be the most established because it have a strong influence in determining the type of regulations that the government shall make.
This strong influence could be traced back since the early mideaval period until united states' created the separation of state and church.
For the answer to the question above, the obstacles that an immigrant he/she might need to overcome are,
Leaving friends
Leaving family members
Embracing new Religion especially if you are migrating to Eastern Country or where the majority's religion is Muslim.
Finding the way around the city
and maybe learning the new language because you don't know if the stranger is already mad at you if you don't understand what is he talking about.
Foster family take children on a temporary basis. Hope I helped!!
This is assimilation!
Americanisation means to make something more American, but this can also happen if you are not in fact in America, as in: America is not your home.
Urbanisation is the mass movement from the rural areas to urban areas.
Brainwashing is when someone uses extreme techniques to influence other's opinions. (such as psychological manipulation)