Children will associate there unacceptable behaviour with getting spanked, and the purpose is to dissuade them from partaking in that behaviour in the future.
The answer is (D.) Systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization is the behavioural technique used by Dr. Shakar which is used to treat anxiety disorders, fear, and phobias like Takeshi who is having a social phobia. The technique is to gradually exposed the person like Takeshi to an anxiety-producing object, event or place like when she is asked to walk on a busy street.
Bottom up is
Feature processing
Letter processing
Word processing
Phrase processing
Comprehension
Top down processing is just the opposite.
