The defense system of the human body is made up of entire organs and vessel systems like the lymph vessels, but also of individual cells and proteins. The inner and outer surfaces of the body are the first barriers against pathogens (germs). These surfaces include the skin and all mucous membranes, which form a kind of mechanical protective wall.
Several things support this protective wall:
<span><span>- The body’s own antibacterial substances can disable different pathogens from the environment at an early stage. A certain enzyme found in saliva, the airways and tear fluid destroys the cell walls of bacteria.
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- Many pathogens that are breathed in get stuck to mucus in the bronchi and are then moved out of the airways by hair-like structures called cilia.
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- Most pathogens that enter the body together with food are usually stopped by stomach acid.
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- Normal flora, harmless bacteria that reside on the skin and many mucous membranes in the body, also help to protect the body.</span></span>
The cough and sneeze reflex can also help to remove pathogens.
Hope this helps (:
I am pretty sure the answer is increase and increase. Because enzymes are affected by changes in pH. The most favorable pH value - the point where the enzyme is most active - is known as the optimum pH. Extremely high or low pH values generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes.
Compare the samples density with that of pure gold.
This is one reason that the same hormone can trigger different effects in different tissues. For example, epinephrine binds to four different receptors in different tissues-- eliciting a different response from each.
Diffusion, any gasses uses diffusion to float across the cell membrane because gasses are lightweight and do not require enery
