Answer:
variable ratio
Explanation:
Variable ratio: The term has been widely used in operant conditioning.
A variable-ratio schedule is a kind of reinforcement schedule, in which a particular response is being reinforced after an unforeseeable number of responses. It creates a high and steady response to the desired behavior and the extinction of this behavior is very resistant.
Example: Lottery games and gambling, etc.
The example given in the question above is an example of a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
Answer:
An economic system is any system of allocating scarce resources. Economic systems answer three basic questions: what will be produced, how will it be produced, and how will the output society produces be distributed?
There are two extremes of how these questions get answered. In command economies, decisions about both allocation of resources and allocation of production and consumption are decided by the government. In market economies, there is private ownership of resources—established though property rights—and the factors of production and consumption are all coordinated through markets. In a market system, resources are allocated to their most productive use through prices that are determined in markets. These prices act as a signal for buyers and sellers. Most economies are mixed economies that lie between these two extremes.
In either system, a rational agent would allocate resources and production using marginal analysis. In command economies, this is more difficult to do because without markets, prices fail at being an effective signal.
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City-states built up armies/military strength and strong thick walls. Sargon's creation of his empire changed Mesopotomia because it made it all under one ruler. It also make Mesopotomia stronger.
Ralph will "focus on the social advantages to smoking".
According to cognitive dissonance theory, there is an inclination for people to look for consistency among their perceptions (i.e., convictions, assessments). At the point when there is an irregularity between attitudes or practices, something must change to dispense with the dissonance. On account of an error amongst states of mind and conduct, it is doubtlessly that the disposition will change to oblige the conduct.
<span>Evidence for Evolution During and since Darwin's time, people have been looking for and studying evidence in nature that teaches them more about evolution. Some types of evidence, such as fossils and similarities between related living organisms, were used by Darwin to develop his theory of natural selection, and are still used today. Others, such as DNA testing, were not available in Darwin's time, but are used by scientists today to learn more about evolution.<span>Five types of evidence for evolution are discussed in this section: ancient organism remains, fossil layers, similarities among organisms alive today, similarities in DNA, and similarities of embryos. Another important type of evidence that Darwin studied and that is still studied and used today is artificial selection, or breeding.</span><span>
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