Answer:
E.
- A growth pole is a concentrated area of a technologically advanced industry. This type of area is significant because it is likely to attract job seekers, thereby stimulating the housing market and overall economic activity at a regional scale.
- A growth pole is significant to an urban economy as it will attract supporting businesses such as retail establishments, restaurants, and other service industries to the city or urban area on a local scale.
F.
- production at individual factories is specialized to meet consumer tastes and demands or are set up for flexibility to meet rapid changes in consumer tastes and demands.
- manufacturing is characterized by just-in-time delivery of supplies so that a factory does not need to retain a large inventory of parts, requiring less space and labor.
- companies disintegrate vertically and/or a factory may rely on subcontractors or spinoff companies for some of production such as parts or aftermarket parts.
- workers may be trained for specialization and/or flexibility to operate different machinery or produce different types of products
- emphasis on product quality and/or manufacturing process quality may transform operations at factories.
G. Least-cost theory is better suited to explaining site locations for manufacturing companies than for service-industry corporations. According to the least-cost theory, industrial locations should be selected based upon the availability of natural resources (for example, a steel factory would be located near high-loss raw materials like coal or water).
Service-based industries do not require access to natural resources. Instead, a multinational corporation in the service industry is likely to locate its headquarters based on one or more of the following:
- Availability of communications networks
- Availability of a highly educated workforce
- Availability of investment capital or tax incentives
- Locational factors such as proximity to technology growth poles (universities, military bases, aerospace facilities)
- Locations of competitors or clients
- Locations of a cultural or artistic center
- Lifestyle factors such as recreational opportunities, food, restaurants, and/or entertainment
- Proximity to airports
