Answer:
In Gastrointestinal system:
When we eat food or drink water, it travels from our mouth, down our oesophagus and into our stomach. In the stomach, the food is broken into tiny pieces that are mixed with stomach liquids. This mush of food and stomach liquids is called chyme. The chyme travels into the small intestine. This is where osmosis takes place.
In our Kidneys:
Our kidneys keep blood and tissue fluid (internal environment) 'clean' by removing urea, excess water and other wastes and excreting them. This controls the amounts of dissolved substances in blood and tissue fluid, a process called osmoregulation. If tissue fluid becomes too concentrated, cells will lose water by osmosis and become dehydrated and if it becomes too dilute, cells will take in excess water by osmosis.
Answer:
a. PGA down, RuBP up
Explanation:
RuBP, also known as Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is a molecule that assist in he fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle or light independent reaction of photosynthesis.
RuBP is combined with carbon dioxide using the enzyme known as rubisco to form an short-lived intermediate product which divides to form two 3-carbon molecule structure known as 3-phosphoglycerate.
<em>If the concentration of carbon dioxide is suddenly reduced, it thus means that the rate of production of 3-phosphoglycerate will reduce as carbon dioxide becomes a limiting factor. Hence, 3-phosphoglycerate's concentration will reduce while more RuBP will become available as a result.</em>
The correct option is a.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is transported in three forms. 7% is in the dissolved form in the plasma, 70% is in the form of bicarbonate ions and 20-25% as carbaminohemoglobin, HbCO2.
Explanation:
Transport as bicarbonate ions: 70% of the CO2 is converted into bicarbonate ion and transported in plasma.
Near the tissues, as the partial pressure of CO2 is high so it diffuses into the blood from the tissues. With in the RBC it reacts with water to form carbonic acid i,e. H2CO3. As carbonic acid is unstable, it immediately dissociates into H+ and HCO3- ions. Carbonic anhydrase in the enzyme present with in the RBC which takes part in these reactions. The carbonate ion formed in the RBC quickly diffuses into the plasma and is transported to the lungs in the form of sodium carbonate.
Near the alveoli, the process is reversed that is, bicarbonate ion reenter the RBC and combines with H+ ion to form carbonic acid which then quickly splits into CO2 and H2O in the presence of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Finally CO2 is diffused from blood to lungs where partial pressure of CO2 is low.