<span>The plasma membrane is both a barrier and gateway between the cytoplasm and ECF. It is selectively permeable—it allows some things through, such as nutrients and wastes, but usually prevents other things, such as proteins and phosphates, from entering or leaving the cell.</span><span>The methods of moving substances through the membrane can be classified in two overlapping ways: as passive or active mechanisms and as carrier-mediated or not. Passive mechanisms require no energy (ATP) expenditure by the cell. In most cases, the random molecular motion of the particles themselves provides the necessary energy. Passive mechanisms include filtration, diffusion, and osmosis. Active mechanisms, however, consume ATP. These include active transport and vesicular transport. Carrier-mediated mechanisms use a membrane protein to transport substances from one side of the membrane to the other. We will first consider the mechanisms that are not carrier-mediated (filtration, simple diffusion, and osmosis) and then the carrier-mediated mechanisms (facilitated diffusion and active transport).</span>
B. Transform boundaries are when the land rubs back and forth against each other causing earthquakes
I am pretty sure it stays the same
There are bacteria, like the Pseudomonas fluorescens and Marimonas protea, that can reside even in frozen surfaces. They do it by entering a dormant state where they wait patiently to be free from ice and grow again.
Bacterial adaptation to cold surroundings also involves changes in their membrane composition and translation and transcription machinery. This includes bacterial conjugation.
The answer is A.
The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated sensitization to domestic inhalant allergens (eg, dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog) is the most important risk factor for asthma.
