Answer:
Since high ethanol is a major stress during ethanol fermentation, ethanol-tolerant yeast strains are highly desirable for ethanol production on an industrial scale. A technology called global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which exploits a mutant SPT15 library that encodes the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alper et al., 2006; Science 314: 1565-1568), appears to be a powerful tool. to create ethanol tolerant strains. However, the ability of the strains created to tolerate high ethanol content in rich media remains to be demonstrated. In this study, a similar strategy was used to obtain five strains with higher ethanol tolerance (ETS1-5) of S. cerevisiae. When comparing the global transcriptional profiles of two selected strains ETS2 and ETS3 with that of the control, 42 genes that were commonly regulated with a double change were identified. Of the 34 deletion mutants available in an inactivated gene library, 18 were sensitive to ethanol, suggesting that these genes were closely associated with tolerance to ethanol.
Explanation:
Eight of them were novel and most were functionally unknown. To establish a basis for future industrial applications, the iETS2 and iETS3 strains were created by integrating the SPT15 mutant alleles of ETS2 and ETS3 into the chromosomes, which also exhibited increased tolerance to ethanol and survival after ethanol shock in a rich medium. Fermentation with 20% glucose for 24 h in a bioreactor revealed that iETS2 and iETS3 grew better and produced approximately 25% more ethanol than a control strain. The performance and productivity of ethanol also improved substantially: 0.31 g / g and 2.6 g / L / h, respectively, for the control and 0.39 g / g and 3.2 g / L / h, respectively, for iETS2 and iETS3.
Therefore, our study demonstrates the utility of gTME in generating strains with increased tolerance to ethanol that resulted in increased ethanol production. Strains with increased tolerance to other stresses such as heat, fermentation inhibitors, osmotic pressure, etc., can be further created using gTME.
Answer:
The probability of getting a dwarf and pink female is 1/2
Explanation:
In mice, dwarfism is caused by an X-linked recessive allele, and pink coat is caused by an autosomal dominant allele where coats are normally brownish.
A dwarf female from a pure line will have Xd Xd where d represent the recessive trait and the female is also brownish (pp).
A pink male from a pure line will be XPY where P represent the dominant allele but not a dwarf (D).
Xd Xd Xp Xp
XD XDXd XDXd XP XPXp XPXp F1 generation
Y XdY XdY Y XpY XpY
P XDXd x XdY XPXp x XpY
XD Xd XP Xp
Xd XDXd <u>XdXd</u> Xp <u>XPXp</u> XpXp F2 generation
Y XDY XdY Y XPY XpY
The probability of getting a dwarf and pink female is 1/2
Answer:
A. aneuploidy; trisomic
Explanation:
Aneuploidy means having more numbers of chromosomes than usual while polyploidy means having an abnormal number of chromosome sets. Down syndrome is a trisomy on chromosome 21 meaning there are 3 chromosomes for chromosome set 21.
We can change our fooding style. Instead of taking starchy, fatty, oily food, we can take some best fruit and vegetables for fat loss in our diet like cucumber, watermelon, grapes etc. Eating these fruits during hunger can avoid our hunger and as they do not contain any of the fat gaining factor, encourage body to utilize the stored fat. Eating these fruits with regular early exercise can obviously help you loose your fat.
50-70%. At the age of 1, percentage is around 65%. In adult men, 60% of their bodies is water. 55% of adult women's weight is water due to fat not holding as much water as lean tissue; fat makes up more of women's bodies than men.
