To solve this problem it is necessary to consider two concepts. The first of these is the flow rate that can be defined as the volumetric quantity that a channel travels in a given time. The flow rate can also be calculated from the Area and speed, that is,
Q = V*A
Where,
A= Cross-sectional Area
V = Velocity
The second concept related to the calculation of this problem is continuity, which is defined as the proportion that exists between the input channel and the output channel. It is understood as well as the geometric section of entry and exit, defined as,
![Q_1 = Q_2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_1%20%3D%20Q_2)
![V_1A_1=V_2A_2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_1A_1%3DV_2A_2)
Our values are given as,
![A_1=\frac{1}{2}^2*\pi=0.785 in^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A_1%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5E2%2A%5Cpi%3D0.785%20in%5E2)
![A_2=\frac{5}{8}^2*\pi=1.227 in^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B8%7D%5E2%2A%5Cpi%3D1.227%20in%5E2)
Re-arrange the equation to find the first ratio of rates we have:
![\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{A_2}{A_1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV_1%7D%7BV_2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BA_2%7D%7BA_1%7D)
![\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{1.227}{0.785}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV_1%7D%7BV_2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.227%7D%7B0.785%7D)
![\frac{V_1}{V_2}=1.56](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV_1%7D%7BV_2%7D%3D1.56)
The second ratio of rates is
![\frac{V2}{V1}=\frac{A_1}{A2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV2%7D%7BV1%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BA_1%7D%7BA2%7D)
![\frac{V2}{V1}=\frac{0.785}{1.227}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV2%7D%7BV1%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.785%7D%7B1.227%7D)
![\frac{V2}{V1}=0.640](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BV2%7D%7BV1%7D%3D0.640)
Answer:
m=image distance÷object distance
Answer:
1. K.E = 11.2239 kJ ≈ 11.224 kJ
2. ![C_{V} = 37.413 JK^{- 1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=C_%7BV%7D%20%3D%2037.413%20JK%5E%7B-%201%7D)
3. ![Q = 10.7749 kJ](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%2010.7749%20kJ)
Solution:
Now, the kinetic energy of an ideal gas per mole is given by:
K.E = ![\frac{3}{2}mRT](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7DmRT)
where
m = no. of moles = 3
R = Rydberg's constant = 8.314 J/mol.K
Temperature, T = 300 K
Therefore,
K.E = ![\frac{3}{2}\times 3\times 8.314\times 300](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%203%5Ctimes%208.314%5Ctimes%20300)
K.E = 11223.9 J = 11.2239 kJ ≈ 11.224 kJ
Now,
The heat capacity at constant volume is:
![C_{V} = \frac{3}{2}mR](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=C_%7BV%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7DmR)
![C_{V} = \frac{3}{2}\times 3\times 8.314 = 37.413 JK^{- 1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=C_%7BV%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%203%5Ctimes%208.314%20%3D%2037.413%20JK%5E%7B-%201%7D)
Now,
Required heat transfer to raise the temperature by
is:
![Q = C_{V}\Delta T](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20C_%7BV%7D%5CDelta%20T)
![\Delta T = 15^{\circ} = 273 + 15 = 288 K](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%20%3D%2015%5E%7B%5Ccirc%7D%20%3D%20273%20%2B%2015%20%3D%20288%20K)
![Q = 37.413\times 288 = 10774.9 J = 10.7749 kJ](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%2037.413%5Ctimes%20288%20%3D%2010774.9%20J%20%3D%2010.7749%20kJ)
Answer:
a)![\omega=1.36rad/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%3D1.36rad%2Fs)
b)![\omega=12.99rpm](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%3D12.99rpm)
c)![F=705.6N](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3D705.6N)
Explanation:
a) The angular velocity is related to the centripetal acceleration by the formula
, which for our purposes we will write as:
![\omega=\sqrt{\frac{a_{cp}}{r}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%3D%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7Ba_%7Bcp%7D%7D%7Br%7D%7D)
Since <em>we want this acceleration to be 1.5 times that due to gravity</em>, for our values we will have:
![\omega=\sqrt{\frac{1.5g}{r}}=\sqrt{\frac{(1.5)(9.8m/s^2)}{(8m)}}=1.36rad/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%3D%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7B1.5g%7D%7Br%7D%7D%3D%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7B%281.5%29%289.8m%2Fs%5E2%29%7D%7B%288m%29%7D%7D%3D1.36rad%2Fs)
b) 1 rpm (revolution per minute) is equivalent to an angle of
radians in 60 seconds:
![1\ rpm=\frac{2\pi rad}{60s} =\frac{\pi}{30}rad/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1%5C%20rpm%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%20rad%7D%7B60s%7D%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B30%7Drad%2Fs)
Which means <em>we can use the conversion factor</em>:
![\frac{1\ rpm}{\frac{\pi}{30}rad/s}=1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B1%5C%20rpm%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B30%7Drad%2Fs%7D%3D1)
So we have (multiplying by the conversion factor, which is 1, not affecting anything but transforming our units):
![\omega=1.36rad/s=1.36rad/s(\frac{1\ rpm}{\frac{\pi}{30}rad/s})=12.99rpm](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%3D1.36rad%2Fs%3D1.36rad%2Fs%28%5Cfrac%7B1%5C%20rpm%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B30%7Drad%2Fs%7D%29%3D12.99rpm)
c) The centripetal force will be given by Newton's 2nd Law F=ma, so on the centripetal direction for our values we have:
![F=ma=(48kg)(1.5)(9.8m/s^2)=705.6N](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3Dma%3D%2848kg%29%281.5%29%289.8m%2Fs%5E2%29%3D705.6N)
Answer:
0.43
Explanation:
Sum of forces in the y direction:
∑F = ma
N − mg = 0
N = mg
There are friction forces in two directions: centripetal and tangential. The centripetal acceleration is:
ac = v² / r
ac = (35 m/s)² / 564 m
ac = 2.17 m/s²
The total acceleration is:
a = √(ac² + at²)
a = √((2.17 m/s²)² + (3.62 m/s²)²)
a = 4.22 m/s²
Sum of forces:
∑F = ma
Nμ = ma
mgμ = ma
μ = a / g
μ = 4.22 m/s² / 9.8 m/s²
μ = 0.43