The amount of force needed needs to be greater than all the forces acting in the opposite direction that the bowling ball was thrown. This includes air resistance, floor friction, gravity, and any other force involved. As long as the force acting on the bowling ball that is causing it to go in the direction of the pins is slightly greater than the opposite acting forces then it will continue in that direction. Since no values are provided we cannot calculate the actual precise value of force needed.
Hello. You did not inform the experiment that Arthur is conducting, which makes it impossible for your question to be answered accurately. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
The hypothesis is an assumption that is made before the experiment is carried out. This hypothesis is formed with the observation of some phenomenon of nature where the researcher believes that two or more elements interact to form a result. In this case, the experiment is carried out to determine whether the assumption, that is, the hypothesis is false or true. In the event that an experiment determines that the hypothesis is false, two things may have occurred: (a) the experiment was set up, or analyzed incorrectly, (b) the elements tested have no relation to the observed phenomenon.