If the results show that 21% of the nucleotides contain adenine, then the cytosine fraction in vivo is 29% and the thymine fraction is also 21% (options A and C).
<h3>Define double helix model of DNA?</h3>
- DNA is a double helix molecule made up of two long strands of nucleotides.
- There are four types of nucleotides in DNA, each containing a different nitrogenous base: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine.
- Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, according to the base-pairing rules.
- As a result, the percentage of adenine equals the percentage of thymine, and the remaining percentage equals guanine + cytosine (29 + 29 = 58 >> 58 + 21 + 21 = 100).
- Therefore, if the results show that 21% of the nucleotides contain adenine, then the percentage of cytosine in vivo is 29% and the percentage of thymine is also 21%
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The complete question is as follows:
The DNA content for an organism is analyzed. The results showed that 21% of the nucleotides contained the nitrogenous base adenine. What else can be inferred based on this data? Select all that apply
A) The percentage of cytosine is 29%.
B) The percentage of adenine is 21% for all organisms.
C) The percentage of thymine in the organism is also 21%.
D) The percentage of guanine in the organism is also 21%.
E) The percentage for cytosine in the organism is also 21%.
Hello,
Please find below a short summary on the subject you have been assigned. This will help you in completing your project and also give you an overview on the current research on this subject.
Food additives are chemical substances added to food in order to either maintain or improve its physical characteristics such as taste, texture, appearance and even freshness.
The long term effects that these substances have on the human body are still largely unstudied. According to the hypothesis called "chemical obesogen", these synthetic compounds are contributing factors to the global obesity epidemic.
Although evidence-based scientific research is still lacking, the support for this hypothesis is growing as many of these additives have been found to disturb the body's endocrine functions.
Furthermore, artificial preservatives used today may increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. This has been shown by a study on mice in which the food additives known as emulsifiers (carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80) have been shown to affect the animal's health.
Due to these chemicals, the mice not only became obese but also developed metabolic problems such as glucose intolerance. It seems that these chemicals affect the gut bacteria population in a negative way, as mice lacking gut bacteria did not become ill.
The mice study was followed by another study in which the human simulated through a series of flasks. Under the influence of the emulsifiers arboxymethylcellulose (E566 on EU labels) and polysorbate-80 (E433), the levels of bacterial protein called flagellin increased. This protein is known to cause inflammation at high concentrations. The next step in the study will be the first human trials.
Due to the long road our food takes from the farm to our table more extensive research is required. There are thousands of compounds that change the biochemical properties of the plants and animals that constitute our diet. The effects of the degradation and accumulation of these compounds are still unknown and thus many more studies and approaches are required in order to insure healthy food and stop the current obesity epidemic. Everything that is added to our food should be carefully analyzed.
True! because without gravity the spacecraft wouldn't go where there wanted it, in the time that they wanted it
The pluripotent, undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow that give rise to the formed elements are called stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features.
There are two types of pluripotent stem cells :
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in the pluripotent state in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can also be obtained by inducing dedifferentiation of adult somatic cells through a recently developed in vitro technology, known as cell reprogramming.
Similarly to Embryonic stem cells , Induced pluripotent stem cells can be expanded indefinitely and they are capable to differentiate in all the derivatives of the three germ layers.
Another intriguing features of being pluripotent is its reliance on gene expression heterogeneity.
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